What are some examples of genetic variation in humans?
Genetic variation results in different forms, or alleles?, of genes. For example, if we look at eye colour, people with blue eyes have one allele of the gene for eye colour, whereas people with brown eyes will have a different allele of the gene.
Which is an example of how genetics affect health?
For example, some gene changes can make you more likely to get cancer. Your environment can also directly cause changes to DNA inside your cells. For example, the sun damages DNA in the cells that are exposed to it, and if the damage goes unrepaired, these gene changes will be copied as your body creates new cells.
What is an example of mutation in evolution?
Even deleterious mutations can cause evolutionary change, especially in small populations, by removing individuals that might be carrying adaptive alleles at other genes. Figure 2: The history of the gray treefrog, Hyla versicolor, is an example of mutation and its potential effects.
What are the possible causes of genetic variation give specific examples?
Genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism’s offspring).
What are some examples of variation?
For example, humans have different coloured eyes, and dogs have different length tails. This means that no two members of a species are identical. The differences between the individuals in a species is called variation.
What is genetic problem?
A genetic disorder is an illness caused by changes in a person’s DNA. These mutations? can be due to an error in DNA replication? or due to environmental factors, such as cigarette smoke and exposure to radiation, which cause changes in the DNA? sequence.
What are the 3 types of genetic disorders?
There are three types of genetic disorders:
- Single-gene disorders, where a mutation affects one gene. Sickle cell anemia is an example.
- Chromosomal disorders, where chromosomes (or parts of chromosomes) are missing or changed.
- Complex disorders, where there are mutations in two or more genes.
How do inherited traits affect survival?
Genetic variations that alter gene activity or protein function can introduce different traits in an organism. If a trait is advantageous and helps the individual survive and reproduce, the genetic variation is more likely to be passed to the next generation (a process known as natural selection).
How does genetics affect our lives?
Genes can also increase the risk in a family for getting certain health conditions. Families also share habits, diet, and environment. These influence how healthy we are later in life. You share a lot with your family—including what can make you sick.
What are some examples of harmful mutations?
Harmful mutations may cause genetic disorders or cancer. A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a mutation in one or a few genes. A human example is cystic fibrosis. A mutation in a single gene causes the body to produce thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs and blocks ducts in digestive organs.
What are examples of genetic drift?
Example of genetic drift: a population of rabbits with alleles B and b, both alleles are present in equal frequencies p = 0.5 and q = 0.5 if 10 parents reproduce the probability of having an offspring with alleles B or b is 0.5; however, by chance, a slight difference in the offspring allele frequency might occur due …
Can harmful genetic variations be passed on to future generations?
For other harmful traits, a phenomenon called reduced penetrance, in which some individuals with a disease-associated variant do not show signs and symptoms of the condition, can also allow harmful genetic variations to be passed to future generations.
Do genetics play a role in congenital heart defects?
Researchers do know that genetics can sometimes play a role. It is common for congenital heart defects to occur because of changes in the child’s DNA. The changes in the DNA may or may not have come from the parents.
Which organisms can be identified by the genetic approach?
This classical genetic approach—identifying the genes responsible for mutantphenotypes—is most easily performed in organisms that reproduce rapidly and are amenable to genetic manipulation, such as bacteria, yeasts, nematode worms, and fruit flies.
How do genetic variants contribute to evolution?
Only hereditary variants, which occur in egg or sperm cells, can be passed to future generations and potentially contribute to evolution. Some variants occur during a person’s lifetime in only some of the body’s cells and are not hereditary, so natural selection cannot play a role.