Why are transcription and translation separated in eukaryotic cells?
In eukaryotes (organisms with a nuclear membrane), DNA undergoes replication and transcription in the nucleus, and proteins are made in the cytoplasm. RNA must therefore travel across the nuclear membrane before it undergoes translation. This means that transcription and translation are physically separated.
What advantage might be gained by having a transcription process coupled to a translation?
Another advantage to coupled transcription and translation is that it provides a novel mechanism for gene regulation.
What is the biological advantage of operon organization?
This feature allows protein synthesis to be controlled coordinately in response to the needs of the cell. By providing the means to produce proteins only when and where they are required, the operon allows the cell to conserve energy (which is an important part of an organism’s life strategy).
What is the advantage of regulation of gene expression during transcription?
The regulation of gene expression conserves energy and space. It would require a significant amount of energy for an organism to express every gene at all times, so it is more energy efficient to turn on the genes only when they are required.
What is the basic difference between transcription in prokaryote and eukaryote?
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Transcription
| Prokaryotic Transcription | Eukaryotic Transcription |
|---|---|
| Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm | Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm. |
| RNAs are released and processed in the cytoplasm | RNAs are released and processed in the nucleus |
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription?
Eukaryotes have three types of RNA polymerases, I, II, and III, and prokaryotes only have one type. Another main difference between the two is that transcription and translation occurs simultaneously in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes the RNA is first transcribed in the nucleus and then translated in the cytoplasm.
What is the advantage of non compartmentalization in protein synthesis of prokaryotes?
In prokaryotes, the synthesis of DNA and RNA occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. No compartmentalization in prokaryotes makes the synthesis of RNA and proteins to occur simultaneously, helping in their quicker synthesis and allowing the cell to reproduce at a quicker rate.
Are transcription and translation coupled in eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic transcription and translation can occur simultaneously. This is impossible in eukaryotes, where transcription occurs in a membrane-bound nucleus while translation occurs outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm.
How is the operon system beneficial to prokaryotes?
Operons are a feature of prokaryotic genomes and allow for the coordinated regulation, transcription and translation of functionally related genes.
Why is it beneficial to the cell to be able to turn operons on or off?
They are under control of a single promoter (site where RNA polymerase binds) and they are transcribed together to make a single mRNA that has contains sequences coding for all three genes. Operons allow the cell to efficiently express sets of genes whose products are needed at the same time.
What are two ways in which eukaryotic cells regulate gene expression?
Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated during transcription and RNA processing, which take place in the nucleus, and during protein translation, which takes place in the cytoplasm. Further regulation may occur through post-translational modifications of proteins.
How do eukaryotic cells regulate gene expression?
Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is regulated by repressors as well as by transcriptional activators. Like their prokaryotic counterparts, eukaryotic repressors bind to specific DNA sequences and inhibit transcription. Other repressors compete with activators for binding to specific regulatory sequences.
What is the process of eukaryotic transcription?
Outline the process of eukaryotic transcription. DNA is copied into RNA in a process called genetic transcription. To transcribe means to “put down something in writing.” The information in DNA is transcribed—or rewritten—into a smaller version (RNA) that can be used by the cell.
How does DNA replicate in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
The DNA replicates before the cell division occurs. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replicate in a semi-conservative manner. However, there are a few differences between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication based on their size and complexity in genetic material.
What happens to the adenine and uracil during transcription?
During this process, an adenine (A) in the DNA binds to an uracil (U) in the RNA. Termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when RNA polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. The mRNA strand is complete, and it detaches from DNA. This video provides a review of these steps. You can stop watching the video at 5:35.
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?
They include almost all the major kingdoms except kingdom monera. Structurally, eukaryotes possess a cell wall, which supports and protects the plasma membrane. The cell is surrounded by the plasma membrane and it controls the entry and exit of certain substances. The nucleus contains DNA, which is responsible for storing all genetic information.