What factors are vaccine sensitive to?
Vaccines are sensitive biological products. Some vaccines are sensitive to freezing, some to heat and others to light. Vaccine potency, meaning its ability to adequately protect the vaccinated patient, can diminish when the vaccine is exposed to inappropriate temperatures. Once lost, vaccine potency cannot be regained.
How do you make mustard gas?
Depending on the mixture, bleach can produce toxic gases that are harmful. Phosgene gas, also known as mustard gas, is actually a byproduct of bleach when combined with ammonia. A few other elements that are created as a byproduct include hydrochloric acid, chlorine gas and hydrazine.
What are two dangerous products created when bleach is mixed with rubbing alcohol?
Mixing bleach and rubbing alcohol can create chloroform which can damage your liver, kidneys, brain, heart and bone marrow. Hydrogen peroxide and vinegar make peracetic acid which is highly corrosive and unsafe.
Is bleach and soap mustard gas?
Toxic fumes that are very dangerous and cause extreme irritation to the eyes and lungs can be caused by mixing ammonia and bleach together. The same chemical reaction is used to create Mustard Gas in chemical warfare.
Why are cold chains necessary for vaccines?
This is called a cold chain. Vaccines must be continuously stored in a limited temperature range – from the time they are manufactured until the moment of vaccination. This is because temperatures that are too high or too low can cause the vaccine to lose its potency (its ability to protect against disease).
What is cold box?
A cold box is an insulated container that can be lined with ‘conditioned’ ice-packs to keep vaccines and diluents cold — but not frozen — during transportation of vaccine supplies from the health centre, or to outreach sites.
What chemicals Cannot be mixed?
Bleach and Ammonia = Toxic Chloramine Vapor. Bleach and ammonia are two common household cleaners that should never be mixed.
What happens if you pee on bleach?
Chlorine gas can also be released when bleach is mixed with urine, such as when cleaning the area around a toilet or when pets stains are cleaned. Both chloramine and chlorine gases are immediately irritating with a very pungent odor, causing watering of the eyes, runny nose and coughing.
Can you mix bleach and vinegar together?
Mixing bleach and vinegar creates potentially lethal chlorine gas. If you notice a pungent smell after mixing household cleaners, you should immediately leave the area and try to breathe in fresh air.
What happens if you mix Dawn dish soap and bleach?
Dasgupta said the mixture creates a toxic gas called chloramine, and when it’s released into the air, it could be extremely dangerous. The CDC has a warning about it on its website, “Never mix household bleach with ammonia or any other cleanser.”
How long can a vaccine be out of the fridge?
Once reconstituted it must be used within 6 hours. Once at room temperature, Moderna vaccine must be used within 24 hours and cannot go back into the freezer.