What does a high Kappa number mean?
The Kappa number of pulp is an indication of the lignin content or bleachability of pulp. If the kappa number value is higher then, the required bleaching chemicals are also higher. On the other hand low kappa pulps are easier to bleach. The KMnO4 not only oxidized the lignin, but also oxidized the others compound.
How do I find my Kappa number?
To measure the Kappa number, a pulp mill can perform a test with potassium permanganate solution. It determines how much of the solution, in milliliters, is absorbed by a gram of the pulp. This allows the company to calculate and report the Kappa number.
Which chemical is added to the pulp to extract cellulose?
lignin
Pulping. Chemical pulping involves dissolving lignin in order to extract the cellulose from the wood fiber.
What is the full form of TMP in paper and pulp industry?
Two major mechanical pulps are thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and groundwood pulp (GW).
What is kraft pulp used for?
Kraft processes produce a variety of pulps used mainly for packaging and high-strength papers and board. In this method, wood chips are cooked with caustic soda to produce brownstock, which is then washed with water to remove the cooking liquor for the recovery of chemicals and energy.
Which tree is used for making paper?
Some of the most commonly used softwood trees for paper making include spruce, pine, fir, larch and hemlock, and hardwoods such as eucalyptus, aspen and birch.
Is washing soda used in paper industry?
Sodium carbonate (washing soda) is used in glass, soap and paper industries. It is used in the manufacture of sodium compounds such as borax. Sodium carbonate can be used as a cleaning agent for domestic purposes. It is used for removing the permanent hardness of the water.
What is a TMP mill?
Most modern mills use chips rather than logs and ridged metal discs called refiner plates instead of grindstones. If the chips are just ground up with the plates, the pulp is called “refiner mechanical” pulp (RMP), if the chips are steamed while being refined the pulp is called “thermomechanical” pulp (TMP).
What is CTMP paper?
CTMP (Chemi-ThermoMechanical Pulp) The CTMP processes provide excellent bulk properties of paper at a high production capacity. At the same time, new and better process technologies and equipment for Bleached Chemi-ThermoMechanical Pulp (BCTMP) applications are being developed.
What is black liquor in a paper mill?
In industrial chemistry, black liquor is the by-product from the kraft process when digesting pulpwood into paper pulp removing lignin, hemicelluloses and other extractives from the wood to free the cellulose fibers.
How do you manufacture kraft paper?
Kraft paper products are made using the Kraft process, which, like other paper production methods, involves the chemical conversion of wood into wood pulp. The structural components in wood are lignin and cellulose. Since lignin doesn’t make good paper, it must be separated from the cellulose.
Can paper be made without trees?
Eco-Friendly Paper Products – Paper, without trees, really? There is a wide variety of alternative ‘fibres’ that can work as an alternative to wood-pulp paper. Sources for tree-free paper include: fibre crops and wild plants – such as bamboo, kenaf, hemp, jute, and flax.