What are the types of hypertriglyceridemia?
Table 2
| Name | Primary Lipoprotein Abnormality | Population Prevalence |
|---|---|---|
| Dysbetalipoproteinemia (HLP type 3) | Elevated IDL, Elevated chylomicron remnants | 1 in 10,000 |
| Primary simple hypertriglyceridemia (HLP type 4) | Elevated VLDL | 1 in 20 |
| Primary mixed hyperlipidemia (HLP type 5) | Elevated chylomicrons, Elevated VLDL | 1 in 600 |
What is another name for hypertriglyceridemia?
| Hypertriglyceridemia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Elevated levels of triglycerides |
| Blood samples of a young patient with extreme hypertriglyceridemia | |
| Specialty | Endocrinology |
| Complications | Heart disease, pancreatitis |
What causes hypertriglyceridemia?
The most common reasons for hypertriglyceridemia developing are obesity, lack of physical activity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and familial hyperlipidemia, a genetic condition that causes high triglycerides and low levels of the “good” cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein).
What is hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia?
++ This inherited disorder, present in 1/200 persons, can cause different lipoprotein abnormalities in affected individuals, including hypercholesterolemia (elevated LDL), hypertriglyceridemia (elevated triglycerides and VLDL), or both. Atherosclerosis is accelerated.
What is the pathophysiology of hypertriglyceridemia?
Hypertriglyceridemia, both in the metabolic syndrome and in type 2 diabetes, results from increased plasma concentrations of VLDL, with or without chylomicronemia;9 deficient lipoprotein lipase activity; increased cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity; and increased flux of free fatty acids to the liver.
What do you do for hypertriglyceridemia?
Selected Therapies for Managing Hypertriglyceridemia
| Therapy | Triglyceride reduction (\%) | HDL-C increase (\%) |
|---|---|---|
| OTC sustained-release niacin, 250 to 750 mg once or twice daily | 30 to 50 | 20 to 30 |
| Prescription niacin, 500 mg to 2 g daily at bedtime | ||
| Fish oil, 2 to 4 g total EPA/DHA daily | 30 to 50 | 5 to 10 |
| OTC omega-3 fatty acid capsules |
What is familial hypertriglyceridemia?
Familial hypertriglyceridemia is a common disorder passed down through families. It causes a higher-than-normal level of triglycerides (a type of fat) in a person’s blood.
What is the main purpose of triglycerides?
Triglycerides store unused calories and provide your body with energy. Cholesterol is used to build cells and certain hormones.
What is hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia?
Hyperlipidemia: elevated blood lipid levels (total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides) Hypercholesterolemia: total cholesterol > 200 mg/dL. Hypertriglyceridemia: triglyceride levels > 150 mg/dL. Hyperlipoproteinemia: elevated levels of certain lipoproteins.
What is Type 4 hypertriglyceridemia?
Familial hypertriglyceridemia (type IV familial dyslipidemia) is a disorder characterized by the overproduction of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) from the liver. As a result, the patient will have an excessive number of triglycerides and VLDL on the lipid profile.
What are four functions of triglycerides?
Terms in this set (9)
- Functions of triglyceride. Provide energy: 9kcals/g.
- Eicosenoid functions.
- How much energy do they provide while we are at rest or during light activity?
- Fat cells.
- Composition of adipocytes.
- Amount of storage.
- Subcutaneous fat.
- Visceral fat.
What is hypertriglyceridemia type IV?
Familial hypertriglyceridemia (type IV familial dyslipidemia) is a disorder characterized by the overproduction of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) from the liver. As a result, the patient will have an excessive number of triglycerides and VLDL on the lipid profile that can cause acute pancreatitis.
What are the differential diagnoses for hypertriglyceridemia?
Differential Diagnosis A differential diagnosis for familial hypertriglyceridemia should first be focused on eliminating various acquired and secondary disorders causing elevated lipid panel findings, especially VLDL and triglycerides.
When to treat hypertriglyceridemia?
Because weight, diet, and exercise play particularly important roles in triglyceride levels, the Endocrine Society guideline recommends that initial treatment for mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia be lifestyle therapy, consisting of dietary counseling, physical activity, and a weight reduction program for overweight and obese patients.
How does diabetes cause hypertriglyceridemia?
The most common causes of hypertriglyceridemia are diabetes and obesity. High blood sugar and low insulin levels affect the way the body regulates and metabolizes fat intake, resulting in buildups of triglycerides in the gastrointestinal tract and the bloodstream.
What is pure hyperglyceridemia definition?
Pure hyperglyceridemia. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma triglycerides , endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in very-low-density lipoproteins (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma cholesterol and phospholipids usually remain within normal limits.
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