What are the rules for ionic compounds?
Rules for naming simple ionic compounds.
- Name the metal by its elemental name.
- Name the nonmetal by its elemental name and an -ide ending.
- Name metals that can have different oxidation states using roman numerals to indicate positive charge. Example Fe2+ is Iron(II)
- Name polyatomic ions by their names.
What is the octet rule for ionic compounds?
The octet rule states that an atom is most stable when there are eight electrons in its valence shell. Atoms with less than eight electrons tend to satisfy the duet rule, having two electrons in their valence shell. By satisfying the duet rule or the octet rule, ions are more stable.
What is a general property of all ionic solids?
Ionic solids—Made up of positive and negative ions and held together by electrostatic attractions. They’re characterized by very high melting points and brittleness and are poor conductors in the solid state.
What causes all ionic compounds to be solids?
Ionic compounds are formed when atoms of different charges (i.e. positive and negative ions) come together and form ionic bonds. Instead, the ions are held rigidly together in their organized crystal lattice structure, and that is why they are a solid under normal conditions.
What guidelines govern the naming and writing of formulas of ionic compounds?
Rule 1. The cation is written first in the name; the anion is written second in the name. Rule 2. When the formula unit contains two or more of the same polyatomic ion, that ion is written in parentheses with the subscript written outside the parentheses.
How do you name formulas for ionic compounds?
For binary ionic compounds (ionic compounds that contain only two types of elements), the compounds are named by writing the name of the cation first followed by the name of the anion. For example, KCl, an ionic compound that contains K+ and Cl- ions, is named potassium chloride.
What is the stable octet rule?
Octet Rule. A stable arrangement is attended when the atom is surrounded by eight electrons. This octet can be made up by own electrons and some electrons which are shared. Thus, an atom continues to form bonds until an octet of electrons is made.
How do nonmetals follow the octet rule when they form ionic bonds?
Atoms of nonmetals tend to gain electrons in order to fill their outermost principal energy level with an octet. Atoms form compounds in ways that give them eight valence electrons. Metals tend to lose electrons to achieve this configuration. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to achieve this configuration.
What properties do solid ionic compounds possess check all possible answers?
Properties Shared by Ionic Compounds
- They form crystals.
- They have high melting points and high boiling points.
- They have higher enthalpies of fusion and vaporization than molecular compounds.
- They’re hard and brittle.
- They conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water.
- They’re good insulators.
Are all solids crystalline?
A crystal is a solid where the atoms form a periodic arrangement. (Quasicrystals are an exception, see below). Not all solids are crystals. Solids that are neither crystalline nor polycrystalline, such as glass, are called amorphous solids, also called glassy, vitreous, or noncrystalline.
Are all ionic compounds solid at room temperature and pressure?
Ionic compounds typically are solids at room temperature. They form a crystal lattice structure when more than one molecule is present (see Figure A). Notice that the positive charges and negative charges alternate. This results in a very strong attractive force between all atoms of the crystal.
What keeps ionic compounds bonded together?
Ionic Bonds Oppositely charged particles attract each other. This attractive force is often referred to as an electrostatic force. An ionic bond is the electrostatic force that holds ions together in an ionic compound.