What is oil-based mud used for?
Oil-based mud is a drilling fluid used in drilling engineering. It is composed of oil as the continuous phase and water as the dispersed phase in conjunction with emulsifiers, wetting agents and gellants. The oil base can be diesel, kerosene, fuel oil, selected crude oil or mineral oil.
How a mud is prepared?
Oil- and synthetic-based muds contain water (usually a brine), bentonite and barite for viscosity and weight, and various emulsifiers and detergents for lubricity. Drilling mud is pumped down the hollow drill pipe to the drill bit, where it exits the pipe and then is flushed back up the borehole to the surface.
What is the percentage of water in oil-based mud?
OWR is calculated directly from the retort analysis of an oil mud. For example, if a mud contains 60 vol\% oil and 18 vol\% water, the oil percentage is [60/(60 + 18)]100 = 77\% and the water percent is [18/(60 +18)] = 23\%.
What is the drilling process?
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole with a circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill is usually a rotating cutting tool, often multi-point. Instead, the hole is usually made by hammering a drill bit into the hole using rapidly repeated short strokes.
What is the pH of mud?
The pH of a mud seldom is below 7 and in most cases fall between 8 and 12.5 depending upon the type of mud. The pH is important because the pH affects the solubility of the organic thinners and the dispersion of clays presents in the mud.
How do you calculate bentonite volume?
Weight of chemical (ppb) is based on the volume of drilling mud. Weight of chemical required as per a mud formula. Bentonite (30 ppb) = 30 × 1,000= 30,000 lb. CMC polymer (0.5 ppb) = 0.5 × 1,000 =500 lb.
How do you mix bentonite and water?
Very slowly add a half sack of bentonite to the water and circulate it with the mud pump. This results in very thorough mixing with no lumps. When mixed in a vessel this size, use a full sack of bentonite to get a very thick mud. This mud will then be diluted when it is added to the mud pits.
What is the difference between oil based mud and water-based mud?
Oil-Based muds can be formulated to withstand high temperatures over long periods of time, however, Water-Based mud can break down and lead to loss of viscosity and fluid loss control. The initial cost of Oil-Based mud is high, especially those formulations based on mineral or synthetic fluids.
Why water-based mud is used?
Such fluids can be designed and engineered to be suitable for HTHP environments. Water-based drilling fluids are cheap in compare to Oil based. Water-Based Mud systems help combat the swelling and fracturing of shale while drilling.
What is different water-based mud and oil based mud?
What is the process of oil drilling?
The seven steps of oil and natural gas extraction
- STEP 1: Preparing the Rig Site.
- STEP 2: Drilling.
- STEP 3: Cementing and Testing.
- STEP 4: Well Completion.
- STEP 5: Fracking.
- STEP 6: Production and Fracking Fluid Recycling.
- STEP 7: Well Abandonment and Land Restoration.