What is El Nino Southern Oscillation simple explanation?
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El Niño and the cooling phase as La Niña.
What is the El Niño Southern Oscillation cycle?
El Niño and La Niña are the warm and cool phases of a recurring climate pattern across the tropical Pacific—the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, or “ENSO” for short. The pattern shifts back and forth irregularly every two to seven years, and each phase triggers predictable disruptions of temperature, precipitation.
Why is El Niño called Southern Oscillation?
Unaware of any connection to El Niño, he discovered that atmospheric pressure fluctuated over the tropical Indo-Pacific region, which he termed the Southern Oscillation. During more normal “high-phase” years, the pressures were low over Indonesia and high in the eastern Pacific, with high, positive values of the SOI.
What is El Nino Southern Oscillation Class 9?
“ENSO” refers to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation, the interaction between the atmosphere and ocean in the tropical Pacific that results in a somewhat periodic variation between between below-normal and above-normal sea surface temperatures and dry and wet conditions over the course of a few years.
What is known as Southern Oscillation?
El Niño and the Southern Oscillation, also known as ENSO is a periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperature (El Niño) and the air pressure of the overlying atmosphere (Southern Oscillation) across the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
What causes El Niño?
El Niño occurs when warm water builds up along the equator in the eastern Pacific. The warm ocean surface warms the atmosphere, which allows moisture-rich air to rise and develop into rainstorms. During El Niño years, such as 1997, the southeast receives more rain than average.
What is the difference between El Nino and Southern Oscillation?
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a recurring climate pattern involving changes in the temperature of waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. El Niño and La Niña are the extreme phases of the ENSO cycle; between these two phases is a third phase called ENSO-neutral.
What is Southern Oscillation or so Class 9?
Generally, when the tropical eastern south Pacific Ocean experiences high pressure, the tropical eastern Indian Ocean experiences low pressure. It is this periodic change in pressure conditions which is known as the Southern Oscillation or SO.
What is El Nino Class 9 short answer?
El Nino can be understood as a natural phenomenon wherein the ocean temperatures rise especially in parts of the Pacific ocean. It is the nomenclature which is referred to for a periodic development along the coast of Peru. This development is a temporary replacement of the cold current along the coast of Peru.
What is El Nino Southern Oscillation Upsc?
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. Every three to seven years, the surface waters across tropical Pacific Ocean warm or cool by 1°C to 3°C, compared to normal.
What are the impacts of El Nino?
A strong El Nino can have a big impact on global weather patterns because it changes the way air circulates in the atmosphere. These circulations are determined by Earth’s rotation, the angle of its axis relative to the sun, and the position of its landmasses and oceans.
Where does an El Nino Southern Oscillation occur?
El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( ENSO) is an irregular periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El Niño and the cooling phase as La Niña.
How does El Nino affect weather?
Although El Niño’s strongest impacts are felt around the equatorial Pacific, they can affect weather around the world by influencing high and low pressure systems, winds and precipitation. And as the warmer ocean waters release excess energy (heat) into the atmosphere, global temperatures rise.
What causes El Nino?
What causes El Nino? El Nino is caused by strong interactions between the ocean and atmosphere. No one knows why it occurs, only that it happens every couple of years. Although it brings warmer climates to some countries, El Nino can cause bitterly cold winters here in Britain – as well as summer heat waves.