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How Hamiltonian Lagrangian and Newtonian mechanics are different from each other?

Posted on August 25, 2022 by Author

How Hamiltonian Lagrangian and Newtonian mechanics are different from each other?

In short, the main differences between Lagrangian and Newtonian mechanics are the use of energies and generalized coordinates in Lagrangian mechanics instead of forces and constraints in Newtonian mechanics. Lagrangian mechanics is also more extensible to other physical theories than Newtonian mechanics.

What is Hamiltonian mechanics used for?

Hamiltonian mechanics can be used to describe simple systems such as a bouncing ball, a pendulum or an oscillating spring in which energy changes from kinetic to potential and back again over time, its strength is shown in more complex dynamic systems, such as planetary orbits in celestial mechanics.

Why do people prefer Hamiltonian over Lagrangian?

The most striking advantage of Hamiltonian over Lagrangian is that we reduce 2nd order set of differential equations to a first order set of differential equation which is easier to solve. If a system with n degrees of freedom has an ignorable coordinate q.

What are the limitations of Newtonian mechanics?

Limitations of Newtonian Mechanics If we measure the position with infinite precision, the uncertainty in the linear momentum approaches infinity. In this regime, Newtonian mechanics can no longer be used, and we need quantum mechanics to describe microscopic systems.

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How is Hamiltonian different from Lagrangian?

Lagrangian mechanics can be defined as a reformulation of classical mechanics. The key difference between Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics is that Lagrangian mechanics describe the difference between kinetic and potential energies, whereas Hamiltonian mechanics describe the sum of kinetic and potential energies.

How do you solve Hamiltonian equations?

The generalized coordinate and momentum do not explicitly depend on time, so H = E. (c) Hamilton’s equations are dp/dt = -∂H/∂q = -ωq, dq/dt = p∂H/∂q = ωp. Solutions are q = A cos(ωt + Φ), p = A sin(ωt + Φ), A and Φ are determined by the initial conditions, ω = (k/m)½.

What are the advantages of Hamiltonian approach over Lagrangian approach?

Among the advantages of Hamiltonian me- chanics we note that: it leads to powerful geometric techniques for studying the properties of dynamical systems; it allows a much wider class of coordinates than either the Lagrange or Newtonian formulations; it allows for the most elegant expression of the relation be- tween …

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What are two kinds of limitations on Newtonian mechanics ‘?

There are two limitations on classical mechanics. First, speeds of the objects should be much smaller than the speed of light, v ≪ c, otherwise it becomes relativistic mechanics. Second, the bodies should have a sufficiently large mass and/or kinetic energy.

Why do you use Lagrangian formulation over Newtonian formulation?

Whereas the Newtonian formulation requires explicit rewriting of its laws in order to deal with arbitrary coordinate systems, the Lagrangian formulation (which is, if I recall correctly, slightly weaker than the original Newtonian formulation) in turn, allows us to deal with arbitrary coordinate systems on spaces which …

Is Hamiltonian mechanics equivalent to Newtonian mechanics?

Hamiltonian mechanics is based on the Lagrangian formulation and is completely equivalent to Newtonian mechanics. However, Hamiltonian mechanics has its own advantages and characteristics that will become clear especially in more advanced physics, like quantum mechanics.

How do you calculate the Hamiltonian from Lagrangian mechanics?

Generally, Hamiltonian mechanics is based on Lagrangian mechanics, so it is natural to start from there. Earlier, I said that the Hamiltonian usually corresponds to total energy. For simple systems, this is simply T+V (T being kinetic energy and V potential energy).

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What is the Hamiltonian of a particle?

In one dimension (and for one particle) the Hamiltonian is defined as: Yes, you have to find the Lagrangian first. Oh, the p is momentum. However, once you get the Hamiltonian you get the two following equations: OK, let’s do this. I already have the Lagrangian. I can write the Hamiltonian as:

Is it possible to use Newtonian mechanics with unreasonable coordinate systems?

Yes, it’s true that we can use unreasonable coordinate systems and still have this stuff work. Also, it’s possible to deal with unknown forces (like the tension in a string with a swinging pendulum). But Newtonian mechanics works best if we know the forces.

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