For which protocol there will be a one timer for each frame sent?
In Go-Back-N ARQ we use one timer for the first outstanding frame. with one single variable Rn. The window slides when a correct frame has arrived; sliding occurs one slot at a time.
What concept is used to set up a TCP link?
TCP uses a three-way handshake to establish a reliable connection. The connection is full duplex, and both sides synchronize (SYN) and acknowledge (ACK) each other. The exchange of these four flags is performed in three steps—SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK—as shown in Figure 3.8.
Why TCP is called end to end protocol?
Transport Layer is the second layer of the TCP/IP model. It is an end-to-end layer used to deliver messages to a host. It is termed as an end-to-end layer because it provides a point-to-point connection rather than hop-to- hop, between the source host and destination host to deliver the services reliably.
Which of the following networking protocols run on top of TCP?
HTTPS — HTTP Secure. Transport Layer Security is a cryptographic protocol that runs on top of TCP.
When positive Acknowledgement is received frame has arrived safely?
The receiver sends a positive acknowledgment if a frame has arrived safe and sound and in order. If a frame is damaged or is received out of order, the receiver is silent and will discard all subsequent frames until it receives the one it is expecting.
What is go back n protocol explain?
Go-Back-N protocol, also called Go-Back-N Automatic Repeat reQuest, is a data link layer protocol that uses a sliding window method for reliable and sequential delivery of data frames. It is a case of sliding window protocol having to send window size of N and receiving window size of 1.
What is true for TCP connections?
Explanation: TCP provides stream oriented delivery between hosts communicating via an IP network and there are no message boundaries. TCP can concatenate data from a number of send () commands into one stream of data and still transmit it reliably. 3. TCP process may not write and read data at the same speed.
How does TCP protocol work?
How does TCP work? TCP provides communication between an application program and the Internet Protocol (they are frequently written as TCP/IP.) An application does not need to required packet fragmentation on the transmission medium or other mechanisms for sending data in order to be sent via TCP.
How does end-to-end principle work?
The end-to-end principle is a network design method in which application-specific features are kept at communication end points. The principle is in contrast to features existing on intermediate points between the client and end points, like gateways and routers. In this method, intermediate nodes pass data randomly.
What are protocols What is the significance of protocols in networks?
In networking, a protocol is a set of rules for formatting and processing data. Network protocols are like a common language for computers. The computers within a network may use vastly different software and hardware; however, the use of protocols enables them to communicate with each other regardless.
Which protocol or service uses UDP and TCP for client-to-server communication?
15. Which protocol or service uses UDP for a client-to-server communication and TCP for server-to-server communication? Explanation: Some applications may use both TCP and UDP. DNS uses UDP when clients send requests to a DNS server, and TCP when two DNS serves directly communicate.
What happens when a client has UDP datagrams to send?
It queries the server to see if it is ready to receive data. It sends a simplified three-way handshake to the server. It sends to the server a segment with the SYN flag set to synchronize the conversation. Explanation: When a client has UDP datagrams to send, it just sends the datagrams.
What are the advantages of HTTP over other protocols?
For example, Google is experimenting with QUIC which builds on UDP to provide a more reliable and efficient transport protocol. This extensible nature of HTTP has, over time, allowed for more control and functionality of the Web. Cache or authentication methods were functions handled early in HTTP history.
How is the initial window of a TCP session determined?
The initial window is agreed upon during the session startup via the three-way handshake between source and destination. It is determined by how much data the destination device of a TCP session is able to accept and process at one time. 7. What does a client do when it has UDP datagrams to send? It just sends the datagrams.
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