Why do we use protected visibility specifier to a class member?
Protected variables allow access to the variables only from sub-classes and classes within the same package. Protected variables can be useful if you want your data to be read-only, or when you want to abstract your data.
What is the use of protected access specifier in inheritance?
The protected access specifier allows the class the member belongs to, friends, and derived classes to access the member. However, protected members are not accessible from outside the class.
Why do we use protected access modifier?
Protected Access Modifier This access modifier is used to access the methods or data members of a class within the same package as well as outside the package but only through inheritance. The protected access modifier has more accessibility than private and defaults access modifiers.
Why we use protected private and public access specifiers?
C++ access specifiers are used for determining or setting the boundary for the availability of class members (data members and member functions) beyond that class. For example, the class members are grouped into sections, private protected and public .
Why do we use protected in C++?
The protected keyword specifies access to class members in the member-list up to the next access specifier ( public or private ) or the end of the class definition. Class members declared as protected can be used only by the following: Direct privately derived classes that also have private access to protected members.
What is protected class?
A protected class is a group of people sharing a common trait who are legally protected from being discriminated against on the basis of that trait. Examples of protected traits include race, gender, age, disability, and veteran status.
How are protected members of a base class?
If a class is derived privately from a base class, all protected base class members become private members of the derived class. Class A contains one protected data member, an integer i . Because B derives from A , the members of B have access to the protected member of A .
What is class member function in C++?
A member function of a class is a function that has its definition or its prototype within the class definition like any other variable. It operates on any object of the class of which it is a member, and has access to all the members of a class for that object.
Can a class be declared with a protected modifier?
The protected access modifier cannot be applied to class and interfaces. Methods, fields can be declared protected, however methods and fields in a interface cannot be declared protected.
Can we use protected for a class in Java?
No, we cannot declare a top-level class as private or protected. It can be either public or default (no modifier).
What is protected member?
Why do we use protected?
So if we want data members to be accessible to only derived classes and not privately or publicly accessible, then we can use protected. – Protected is similar to private. – It makes class member inaccessible outside the class, but the members can be accessed by any subclass of that class.
What is the use of protected access specifier while deriving class?
If protected access specifier is used while deriving class then the public and protected data members of the base class becomes the protected member of the derived class and private member of the base class are inaccessible.
What does it mean when a class member is protected?
The protected keyword specifies access to class members in the member-list up to the next access specifier (public or private) or the end of the class definition. Class members declared as protected can be used only by the following: Member functions of the class that originally declared these members.
What is the use of protected specifier in inheritance?
Use protected specifier if you want to allow access of data and member functions to child class only in inheritance. In below program, data member “sum” and displaySum () function are protected and only available to child class. If we call them in main () program, compiler will flash an error i.e. protected member can’t be accessed.
What is the use of public access specifier?
public access specifier If public access specifier is used while deriving class then the public data members of the base class becomes the public member of the derived class and protected members becomes the protected in the derived class but the private members of the base class are inaccessible.