Why the efficiency of a distribution transformer is lower than that of a power transformer?
The main difference between power and distribution transformer is distribution transformer is designed for maximum efficiency at 60\% to 70\% load as normally doesn’t operate at full load all the time. All day efficiency = (Output in KWhr) / (Input in KWhr) in 24 hrs which is always less than power efficiency.
How does distribution transformer work?
A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer. If mounted on a utility pole, they are called pole-mount transformers.
Why is the efficiency of a transformer never 100\%?
Efficiency of a device is equal to the ratio of output to input. In actual practice output is not equal to input therefore actual transformers are not 100\% efficient.
What are the energy efficiency levels for distribution transformers?
According to these categories the transformers have been divided, as level one, two and three. In revised IS 1180 specification there are three energy efficiency levels and for each categories, maximum values of total losses have been defined on basis of both 50\% load as well as 100\% load.
Why is the efficiency of a transformer not determined by direct loading?
Determination of Transformer Efficiency: The ordinary transformer has a very high efficiency (in the range of 96—99\%). Hence the transformer efficiency cannot be determined with high precision by direct measurement of output and input, since the losses are of the order of only 1-4 \%.
When compared with power transformer a distribution transformer has high and low?
The load fluctuations are more in the distribution transformer. The flux density is higher in the power transformer. The flux density is lower in the distribution transformer as compared to the power transformer. It has a rating above 200 MVA.
How are distribution transformers connected?
Distribution transformers are connected in delta-star. This arrangement requires 3 conductors in the high voltage side and 4 in the low voltage side, as well as it provides the star point conductor as a neutral point. This can serve single phase as well as three phase loads.
Where are distribution transformer used?
Distribution transformers are generally used in electrical power distribution and transmission systems. This class of transformer has the highest power, or volt-ampere ratings, and the highest continuous voltage rating. The power rating is normally determined by the type of cooling methods the transformer may use.
Why do transformers have high efficiency?
Electrical transformer is a static device which transfers the power from one circuit to other through electromagnetic induction. Losses in the transformer are very less compared to any other rotating machine, hence efficiency of transformers will be very high.
What is the efficiency of transformer?
Transformer Efficiency The efficiencies of power transformers normally vary from 97 to 99 percent. The power supplied to the load plus resistive, eddy current, hysteresis, and flux losses must equal the input power. The input power is always greater than the output power.
What is the efficiency of power transformer?
What is the efficiency level of transformer how it can be further enhanced?
The more efficient transformers require less cooling, which in turn saves more energy. According to M Vijayakumaran, no load loss and load loss are analysed separately below. He also suggests solutions to reduce these losses, leading to enhanced efficiency of transformers. No load loss is also known as core loss.