Which listed problems are likely to happen during a massive earthquake?
The primary effects of earthquakes are ground shaking, ground rupture, landslides, tsunamis, and liquefaction. Fires are probably the single most important secondary effect of earthquakes.
How do large earthquake ruptures occur?
In seismology, an earthquake rupture is the extent of slip that occurs during an earthquake in the Earth’s crust. Earthquakes occur for many reasons that include: landslides, movement of magma in a volcano, the formation of a new fault, or, most commonly of all, a slip on an existing fault.
What kind of earthquakes cause the most damage Why?
Shallow quakes generally tend to be more damaging than deeper quakes. Seismic waves from deep quakes have to travel farther to the surface, losing energy along the way.
What is caused due to an earthquake under the sea?
A tsunami is an ocean wave triggered by large earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean, volcanic…
Who could be affected of ground shaking?
Most earthquake damage results from the shaking caused by seismic waves passing beneath buildings, roads, and other structures. For example, ground shaking may cause a store’s exterior building walls to crumble, injuring people, blocking sidewalks and streets and bringing down utility lines.
What is the cause of ground rupture?
In general, ground failure may be caused by (1) surface rupture along faults, either as a primary rupture on the seismogenic fault or as a sympathetic rupture; (2) secondary movement on shallow faults; (3) shaking-induced compaction of natural deposits in sedimentary basins and river valleys, or artificial fills; and ( …
Is this a surface rupture due to earthquake?
An earthquake can push and pull the ground, tearing the surface and pushing the ground apart and upward. These are known as “surface ruptures.” A surface rupture may occur suddenly during an earthquake, or it can happen more slowly—in either case, surface ruptures often happen along preexisting faults.
What effects do earthquakes have on the environment?
Earthquake environmental effects are the effects caused by an earthquake, including surface faulting, tsunamis, soil liquefactions, ground resonance, landslides and ground failure, either directly linked to the earthquake source or provoked by the ground shaking.
Where do earthquakes cause the most damage?
California has more earthquakes that cause damage than any other state. Alaska and California have the most earthquakes (not human-induced).
What happens when an earthquake occurs under the sea?
If the earthquake occurs in the ocean, it can push up powerful waves, known as tsunamis. The sudden upward or downward movement of the seafloor during an earthquake creates large tsunami waves, similar to a child splashing in the bathtub.
What happens when earthquake occurs beneath the ocean floor?
Dip-slip earthquakes happen when the ocean floor moves up and down. Subduction earthquakes form when plates of the earth’s crust stack on top of one another. When earthquakes happen underwater, it can result in a tsunami wave.
Where would shaking of the ground be greater?
Seismic waves travel faster through hard rock than through softer rock and sediments like soil and sand. But as the waves pass from harder to softer rocks, they slow and their strength increases, so shaking is more intense where the ground is softer.
What is the difference between a continental and submarine earthquake?
Where a continental earthquake will cause damage and loss of life on land from fires, damaged structures, and flying objects; a submarine earthquake alters the seabed, resulting in a series of waves, and depending on the length and magnitude of the earthquake, tsunami, which bear down on coastal cities causing property damage and loss of life.
How does plate tectonics help explain the cause of submarine earthquakes?
Understanding plate tectonics helps to explain the cause of submarine earthquakes. The Earth’s surface or lithosphere comprises tectonic plates which average approximately 50 miles in thickness, and are continuously moving very slowly upon a bed of magma in the asthenosphere and inner mantle.
How deep is the epicenter of a submarine earthquake?
The following is a list of major submarine earthquakes since the 17th century. The epicenter is 130 kilometers (81 mi) off the east coast of the Oshika Peninsula, Tōhoku, with the hypocenter at a depth of 32 km (20 mi).
What type of friction is created during a tsunami?
The type of friction created may be due to the characteristic of the geologic fault or the plate boundary as follows. Some of the main areas of large tsunami producing submarine earthquakes are the Pacific Ring of Fire and the Great Sumatran fault .
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