How does the temperature affect the efficiency of the machine?
Carnot Efficiency The energy for work comes from a decrease in the total energy of the fluid used in the system. Therefore the greater the temperature change, the greater this decrease in the fluid and thus the greater energy available to do work is.
Does efficiency increase with temperature?
, the temperature at which the heat is added to the engine. The efficiency of ordinary heat engines also generally increases with operating temperature, and advanced structural materials that allow engines to operate at higher temperatures is an active area of research.
How do the specific heats vary with temperature What is the physical explanation for this variation?
Specific heat is a measure of the ability of the substance to absorb heat. As the substance heats up, the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases. The collisions impart enough energy to allow rotation to occur. Rotation then contributes to the internal energy and raises the specific heat.
What three factors affect the heat transfer that is necessary to change an object’s temperature?
Experiments show that the transferred heat depends on three factors—the change in temperature, the mass of the system, and the substance and phase of the substance.
What is the relationship between efficiency and temperature?
The more money you earn (heat), the more money is taxed (cold), leaving you with less money to take home (efficiency). However, if you could earn more money (heat) and find a way to have less taxes taken out (better engine material), you would have more money to take home (efficiency).
What sets the limits on efficiency of a heat energy?
The temperature of the cold reservoir sets the limit on the efficiency of a heat engine.
What is an air standard efficiency?
Air standard efficiency is taken as the ideal efficiency of an internal combustion engine. This would mean that whatever the temperature of the charge reached during combustion, the final temperature would have to be absolute zero. This implies that the exhaust gases would have to be -273″С.
What are the factors affecting thermal efficiency?
This study presents a simple method to quantitatively distinguish the factors that cause the thermal efficiency of a heat engine to be less than unity. These factors are the nonzero reference point, external irreversibilities and internal irreversibilities.
How does temperature affect specific heat?
Thus, the specific heat capacity is comparatively lower. But as temeprature increases, vibrational energy gains increasing significance. Thus, more amount of energy is required to increase the temperature by the same amount. Thus, specific heat increases with temperature.
What is the effect of temperature on specific heat?
Specific heat is defined by the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius (°C). Water has a high specific heat, meaning it takes more energy to increase the temperature of water compared to other substances.
How does temperature affect heat capacity?
Then as temperature increases more of the energy levels become excited & the internal energy rises rapidly and so does the slope of U vs T and so heat capacity increases.
How does heat cause a change in the degree of temperature?
If two bodies at different temperatures are brought together, energy is transferred—i.e., heat flows—from the hotter body to the colder. The effect of this transfer of energy usually, but not always, is an increase in the temperature of the colder body and a decrease in the temperature of the hotter body.