What is ex post rationalization?
Erik Eyster, Shengwu Li, Sarah Ridout. People rationalize their past choices, even those that were mistakes in hindsight. We propose a formal theory of this behavior. The theory predicts sunk-cost effects, as well as unsunk-benefit effects.
What is rationalization in decision making?
A decision, action, judgement is made for a given reason, or no (known) reason at all. A rationalization is performed, constructing a seemingly good or logical reason, as an attempt to justify the act after the fact (for oneself or others).
Which best describes the rationalization thought process?
Rationalization occurs when a person has performed an action and then concocts the beliefs and desires that would have made it rational. Then, people often adjust their own beliefs and desires to match the concocted ones.
Which of the following is an example of rationalization?
Rationalization. For example, a person who is turned down for a date might rationalize the situation by saying they were not attracted to the other person anyway. A student might blame a poor exam score on the instructor rather than their own lack of preparation.
What is ex-post Alpha?
In finance, Jensen’s alpha (or Jensen’s Performance Index, ex-post alpha) is used to determine the abnormal return of a security or portfolio of securities over the theoretical expected return. It is a version of the standard alpha based on a theoretical performance instead of a market index.
What does exante mean?
before the event
Ex-ante refers to future events, such as the potential returns of a particular security, or the returns of a company. Transcribed from Latin, it means “before the event.” Much of the analysis conducted in the markets is ex-ante, focusing on the impacts of long-term cash flows, earnings and revenue.
What is rationalized form?
Rationalizing the denominator means the process of moving a root, for instance, a cube root or a square root from the bottom of a fraction (denominator) to the top of the fraction (numerator). This way, we bring the fraction to its simplest form thereby, the denominator becomes rational. Irrational Denominator.
Is rationalization a defense mechanism?
Rationalization is a defense mechanism proposed by Anna Freud involving a cognitive distortion of “the facts” to make an event or an impulse less threatening. We do it often enough on a fairly conscious level when we provide ourselves with excuses.
What is denial psychology?
Denial is a type of defense mechanism that involves ignoring the reality of a situation to avoid anxiety. Defense mechanisms are strategies that people use to cope with distressing feelings. In the case of denial, it can involve not acknowledging reality or denying the consequences of that reality.
What is an example of intellectualization?
Intellectualization involves a person using reason and logic to avoid uncomfortable or anxiety-provoking emotions. Intellectualization can be a useful way of explaining and understanding negative events. For example, if person A is rude to person B, person B may think about the possible reasons for person A’s behavior.
What is an example of repression?
Examples of Repression An adult suffers a nasty spider bite as a child and develops an intense phobia of spiders later in life without any recollection of the experience as a child. Because the memory of the spider bite is repressed, he or she may not understand where the phobia originates.
What is a portfolio’s beta?
According to Investopedia, beta is defined as “a measure of the volatility, or systematic risk, of a security or a portfolio in comparison to the entire market or a benchmark.” This definition, as usual, is a mouthful for most investors who are simply trying to understand certain aspects of risk in their portfolio.
What is the difference between ex-ante and ex-post predictions?
Ex-ante predictions are often inaccurate since it is impossible to account for variables, which are affected by market forces of supply and demand. On the other hand, ex-post means “after the event,” while ex-ante means “before the event.” Ex-post is backward-looking, and it looks at results after they have already occurred.
What does ex-post mean?
Ex-ante predictions are often inaccurate since it is impossible to account for variables, which are affected by market forces of supply and demand. On the other hand, ex-post means “after the event,” while ex-ante means “before the event.”. Ex-post is backward-looking, and it looks at results after they have already occurred.
Is a change of place of trial an ex post facto law?
A change of the place of trial of an alleged offense after its commission is not an ex post facto law.
What is ex post performance attribution analysis?
Analysis. Ex-post performance attribution analysis, or benchmark analysis, gauges the performance of an investment portfolio based on the return of the portfolio and its correlation with numerous factors or benchmarks. Ex-post analysis is the traditional approach of performance analysis for long-only funds.