What is camel protocol?
Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) is a set of standards designed to work on either a GSM core network or the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network. The CAMEL architecture is based on the Intelligent Network (IN) standards, and uses the CAP protocol.
What is camel in LTE?
CAMEL is a means of adding intelligent applications to mobile (rather than fixed) networks. It builds upon established practices in the fixed line telephony business that are generally classed under the heading of (Intelligent Network Application Part) or INAP CS-2 protocol.
What is Cap Telecom?
CAMEL Application Part (CAP) is a Signaling System 7 (SS7) telecommunication protocol, it provides the mechanisms to support services of operators which are not covered by standardized services.
What are MAP protocols?
The Mobile Application Part (MAP) is an SS7 protocol that provides an application layer for the various nodes in GSM and UMTS mobile core networks and GPRS core networks to communicate with each other in order to provide services to users.
What is a camel with two humps called?
Bactrian camels have two humps rather than the single hump of their Arabian relatives. These humps give camels their legendary ability to endure long periods of travel without water, even in harsh desert conditions. As their fat is depleted, the humps become floppy and flabby.
What is Diameter protocol in telecom?
The Diameter Protocol provides authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) messaging services for network access and data mobility applications in 3G, IP Multimedia Systems (IMS), and LTE/4G networks.
What is camel charging?
Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) is an application to easily extend the services offered within a GSM network. The services can even be supported when customers are roaming outside their home network (HPMN).
What is ISUP in telecom?
The Integrated Services Digital Network User Part (ISUP) is used for establishment of wired connections between exchanges. ISUP is the protocol used to support the signaling necessary to provide voice and non-voice services in telephone communications.
What is MAP Crypto?
GitHub White Paper. MAP Protocol. MAP protocol aims to be the secure end-to-end solution for any blockchain resident to move and exchange assets.
What is a male camel called?
The male dromedary camel has an organ called a dulla in its throat, a large, inflatable sac he extrudes from his mouth when in rut to assert dominance and attract females.
What is another name for camel?
In this page you can discover 13 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for camel, like: dromedary, goat, elephant, bactrian-camel, sheep, llama, mule, yak, horse, snake and donkey.
What is AVP code?
AVP Code (4-bytes) The AVP Code, combined with the Vendor-Id field, identifies the attribute uniquely. AVP numbers 256 and above are used for Diameter, which are allocated by IANA. AVP numbers 1 through 255 are reserved for backward compatibility with RADIUS, without setting the Vendor-Id. field.
What is the latest phase of camel?
The latest Phase is Phase 4. If an IPLMN (Interrogating PLMN) or VPLMN (Visiting PLMN) supports CAMEL Phase 4, it shall also provide the functionality of all previous CAMEL phases. The first commercial implementation of CAMEL (phase 1) was in August 2000 by France Telecom Mobiles (France), Mobistar (Belgium) and Dutchtone (The Netherlands).
What is the camel application part?
The CAMEL Application Part (CAP) is a signalling protocol used in the Intelligent Network (IN) architecture. CAP is a Remote Operations Service Element (ROSE) user protocol, and as such is layered on top of the Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) of the SS#7 protocol suite.
What are the basic camel standards of GSM?
CAMEL standards include Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3. The standardization of Phase 2 was basically completed in March, 1998. CAMEL adds some FEs to the GSM network: gsmSSF, gsmSRF and gsmSCF. It enables the in-band communication with the user, such as tone announcement, etc.;
What is the difference between INAP and camel?
Before CAMEL, the GSM networks used INAP (Intelligent Network Application Part) for injecting intelligence in GSM networks. The limitations of INAP was that it did not support mobility management. CAMEL solved the mobility management problem and provided with much more functionality.